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LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin川芎嗪127格拉夫齐柏林飞艇

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia从百科，自由的百科全书

This article is about the famous airship.本文是著名的飞艇。 For other uses, see Graf Zeppelin .作其他用途，见格拉夫齐柏林飞艇。

LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin川芎嗪127 格拉夫齐柏林飞艇

Role作用	Passenger airship客运飞艇
National origin 民族渊源	Germany德国
Manufacturer制造商	Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Luftschiffbau飞艇
Designed by设计	Ludwig Dürr 路德维希杜尔
First flight第一架飞机	September 18, 1928 9月18日， 1928年
Retired退休	June 18, 1937 6月18日， 1937年
Status身份	Scrapped March 1940取消1940年3月
Number built 一些建	1 1

LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin ( Deutsche Luftschiff Zeppelin #127 ; Registration: D-LZ 127 ) was a large German passenger carrying rigid airship which operated commercially from 1928 to 1937. 川芎嗪127 格拉夫齐柏林 （德国Luftschiff飞艇＃ 127 ;登记： 名D -川芎嗪127 ）是德国大型载客刚性飞艇商业运作1928年至37年。 It was named after the German pioneer of airships, Ferdinand von Zeppelin , who held the rank of Graf or Count in the German nobility.它被命名后，德国先驱飞艇，斐迪南冯齐柏林飞艇，谁的排名举行格拉夫或伯爵在德国贵族。 During its operating life the great airship made 590 flights covering more than a million miles.在其运行寿命作出了巨大的飞艇飞行覆盖590多万英里。

[ edit ] Design and development [ 编辑 ] 设计与开发

Construction of the Graf Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen: the lower and middle gangways are highlighted green with main rings in red; two people are shown in yellow.建设格拉夫齐柏林飞艇在腓特烈：中等和低过道突出绿色与主环红;两个人显示为黄色。

The LZ 127 was originally planned to exploit the latest technology in airships, building on the advances of the earlier LZ126. Dr.川芎嗪127的原计划利用最新的技术在飞船的基础上，发展较早LZ126 。博士 Hugo Eckener had to campaign for its construction and only after two years of lobbying did that proceed at the Zeppelin works, Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, at Friedrichshafen in Germany. 雨果Eckener了运动的建设，只有两年后的游说没有着手在飞艇工程， Luftschiffbau飞艇，在腓特烈在德国。

It flew for the first time on 18 September 1928 ^{[ 1 ]} and, with a total length of 236.6 metres (776 ft) and volume of 105,000 cubic metres (3,700,000 cu ft), was the largest airship up to that time.它飞到了第一次会议9月18日 1928年 ^{[ 1 ]} ，并在总长度为236.6米（ 776英尺）和数量一十点五〇万立方米（三百七点零零零万立方英尺），是最大的飞艇最多的时间。 It was powered by five Maybach 550 horsepower (410 kW) engines ^{[ 1 ]} that could burn either Blau gas or gasoline ^{[ 2 ]} .这是由五个迈巴赫 550马力（ 410千瓦）的引擎^{[ 1 ]} ，可能烧伤要么布劳天然气或汽油 ^{[ 2 ]} 。 The ship achieved a maximum speed of 128 kilometres per hour (80 mph, 70 knots) operating at total maximum thrust of 2,650 horsepower (1,980 kW), which reduced to the normal cruising speed of 117 km/h (73 mph, 63 knots) when running with normal thrust of 2,150 horsepower (1,600 kW), ignoring wind speeds. ^{[ 2 ]} Some flights were made using only Blau gas, and for this purpose 12 gas cells were used with a total volume up to 30,000 cubic metres.该船的最高时速达到128公里每小时（ 80英里， 70节）经营总额最大推力2650马力（ 1980千瓦），从而减少了正常巡航速度117公里/小时（七十三英里每小时63海里）正常运行时的主旨2150年马力（ 1600千瓦），而忽略风速。 ^{[ 2 ]}提出了一些航班只使用布劳天然气，并为此12气体细胞用于总量达30000立方米。 That amount allowed around 100 hours at cruising speed.这一数额约100小时，巡航速度。 The fuel tank had a maximum capacity for 67 hours cruise.油箱的最大容量为67小时巡航。 Using both gasoline and Blau gas could give 118 hours cruise.同时使用汽油和天然气可能会布劳一一八小时巡航导弹。

Generally the "Graf Zeppelin" had a usable payload capacity of 15,000 kilograms for a 10,000 kilometres cruise. ^{[ 2 ]}一般来说， "格拉夫齐柏林"的一个可用的有效载荷能力一点五○○万公斤的10000公里的巡航导弹。 ^{[ 2 ]}

Initially it was to be used for experimental and demonstration purposes to prepare the way for regular airship traveling, but also carried passengers and mail to cover the costs.最初是用于试验和示范的目的铺平道路经常飞艇旅行，而且还进行乘客和邮寄的费用。

Two small ram air turbines attached to the main gondola on swinging arms generated supplemental electricity: one for the radio room, the other for passenger lighting and as a reserve.两个小冲压空气涡轮重视的主要武器吊舱上产生的摆动补充电力：一个无线电室，其他客运照明和作为储备。 Accumulators stored the electrical energy produced so that radio operation was independent of airspeed. ^{[ 3 ]} The main electricity generating plant was located inside the hull comprising two fuel-burning generators. ^{[ 4 ]} The gondola also had a gasoline-fueled emergency generator.蓄电池储存的电能生产，使无线电操作是独立的空速。 ^{[ 3 ]}的主要发电工厂位于船体由两个燃料燃烧发电机。 ^{[ 4 ]}吊船也有汽油为燃料的应急发电机。

[ edit ] Gondola layout [ 编辑 ] 缆车布局

Behind the front command cabin through a door lay the map room, with two large open access hatches to allow the command crew to communicate with the navigators.后面的前线指挥客舱门通过奠定了地图室，与两个大开放存取舱口允许命令船员沟通的航海家。 From the map room ascending a ladder allowed access to a keel corridor inside the hull.从地图室升序梯子允许进入龙骨走廊内的船体。 The map room had two large windows, one on each side.地图室有两个大窗户，每一侧。 A rear door led from the map room to a central corridor with the three-man radio room to the left and the electric kitchen to the right, and a short passage to the main entrance-exit door on the right (when facing front).阿后门导致从地图室的中央走廊与3名无线电室的左侧和厨房电器的权利，并通过短期的主要入口，出口大门右侧（面对前面）。 The corridor ended at a door that opened into the main dining and sitting room, with four large windows.走廊收于门开启到主餐厅和起居室，有四个大窗户。 At the rear of this room a door opened into the long corridor to access the passenger's cabins and washrooms and toilet facilities. ^{[ 1 ]} Each passenger cabin by day was set with a sofa which by night the crew would convert to two beds, one above the other. ^{[ 4 ]} The crew's quarters were inside the hull reached by a catwalk.后面的这个会议室的门打开进入长廊进入乘客的小木屋和洗手间和厕所设施。 ^{[ 1 ]}每个客舱的一天，盘坐在沙发上的夜间船员将转换为两张床，上面其他。 ^{[ 4 ]}船员的宿舍内的船体达到了时装表演。 The kitchen was equipped with a single electric oven with two compartments and hot plates on top. ^{[ 4 ]}厨房里配备了一个电炉两个舱室和热点板块的佼佼者。 ^{[ 4 ]}

[ edit ] Radio equipment [ 编辑 ] 无线电设备

Many people were needed to hold down the D-LZ127.许多人需要按住的D - LZ127 。 The red circle indicates the ram air turbine electric generator just under the radio room window.红圈表明冲压空气涡轮发电机只是在无线电室窗口。

The Graf's radio room was outfitted with the most modern radio equipment for an airship at the time. ^{[ 3 ]} Three radio officers served there communicating with ground stations and ships, performing radio navigation , ^{[ 3 ]} receiving weather reports as well as sending private telegrams for passengers. ^{[ 5 ]} A one kilowatt valve transmitter (about 140 Watt antenna power) was used to send telegrams over the longwave band of 500 to 3,000 metre. ^{[ 3 ]} An emergency transmitter with 70 Watt antenna power was available for both telegraph and radio telephone, using 300 to 1,300 metre wavelengths, powered either by the accumulator or the gasoline generator. ^{[ 3 ]}在格拉夫的无线电室，配备了最现代化的无线电设备的飞艇时。 ^{[ 3 ]}三家广播电台的主席团成员有与地面站和船舶，从事无线电导航， ^{[ 3 ]}接收天气报告以及发送私人电报乘客。 ^{[ 5 ]}一千瓦阀发射机（约140 瓦天线功率）是用来传送电报的长波波段 500至3000米。 ^{[ 3 ]}紧急发射天线与70瓦功率可用于电讯和无线电话，使用300至1300米的波长，功率由蓄电池或汽油发电机。 ^{[ 3 ]}

The main antenna comprised two 120 metre long wires, with lead weights at their ends.主要的天线组成的两个120米长的电线，导致体重与他们的目的。 They could be lowered by electric motor or hand crank.它们可以降低电机或手摇。 The emergency antenna was a 40 metre wire stretched from a ring on the airship hull. ^{[ 3 ]} Three high quality receivers, each with six valves, served the wavelength ranges 120 to 1200 metre ( Medium frequency ), 400 to 4000 metre ( Low frequency ) and 3,000 to 25,000 metre (overlapping Low frequency and Very low frequency ). ^{[ 3 ]} Additionally the room had a shortwave receiver for wavelengths 10 to 280 metre ( High frequency ). ^{[ 3 ]}紧急天线是一个40米长的钢丝环伸展从船体上的飞艇。 ^{[ 3 ]}三高品质的接收器，每6个阀门，送达的波长范围120到1200米（中频）， 400至4000米（低频）和3000至25000米（重叠低频和甚低频）。 ^{[ 3 ]}另外，房间有一个短波接收机的波长10 〜 280米（高频）。 ^{[ 3 ]}

A modern direction finder, as was then used for radio navigation in large passenger ships, used a steerable ring antenna to determine the airship's position from any two radio transmitters either land or ship-based. ^{[ 3 ]} During the airship's transatlantic flight to the United States in October 1928, the radio room sent 484 private telegrams and 160 press telegrams. ^{[ 3 ]}一个现代化的方向搜索，因为当时使用的无线电导航大型客船，使用环形天线可操纵的飞艇，以确定的立场，任何两个无线电发射机或船舶或者土地为基础的。 ^{[ 3 ]}在飞艇的跨大西洋飞行的美国国家在1928年10月，发出的无线电室484私人电报和160新闻电报。 ^{[ 3 ]}

[ edit ] Operational history [ 编辑 ] 业务历史

Graf Zeppelin in Helsinki , Finland .格拉夫齐柏林飞艇在赫尔辛基，芬兰。

From its first flight on 18 September 1928 until its last flight on 18 June 1937 , the Graf saw nearly nine years of uninterrupted service, totaling nearly two years in the air and traveling 1.7 million kilometres. ^{[ 6 ]} Its seventh flight was its first Atlantic crossing, ^{[ 7 ]} thereafter it made regular flights across the South Atlantic to Brazil, one round the world tour, a polar expedition, two roundtrips to the Middle East, and a few within Europe.从第一架飞机于9月18日 28年，直到最后航班6月18日 1937年，格拉夫看到了近9年不间断的服务，近两年来在空中旅行170万美元公里。 ^{[ 6 ]}第七届飞行是其第一次大西洋过境， ^{[ 7 ]}此后它的定期航班跨越南大西洋到巴西，一个在世界各地旅游，极地考察，两个往返中东，以及一些在欧洲。 While the Graf Zeppelin only visited the United States five times (twice during the "Round the World Flight"), the airship made a total of 64 flights to South America.虽然格拉夫齐柏林飞艇只访问了美国的5倍（两次在"环球飞行" ），飞船发了总共64个航班到南美洲。

[ edit ] First intercontinental passenger airship flight [ 编辑 ] 首次洲际客运飞艇飞行

Flown ppc from the First North American Flight of the D-LZ127 1928每次点击付费飞行的第一北美航班的D - LZ127 1928年

Dr. Eckener commanded the "Graf Zeppelin" on its first intercontinental trip, a transatlantic crossing which left Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928 , and arrived in the United States at NAS Lakehurst , New Jersey , on 15 October after having traveled 9,926 km in 111 hours.博士Eckener指挥"格拉夫齐柏林"的第一次洲际旅行，一个跨大西洋的通道，造成腓德烈斯哈芬，德国，在07:54的10月11日 1928年，并抵达美国时的NAS Lakehurst ，新泽西州，在10月15日之后在前往9926公里111小时。 Notwithstanding the heavy headwinds and stormy weather that slowed the journey, Eckener had nevertheless repeated the success of his first transatlantic crossing made four years earlier in October 1924, to deliver the D-LZ126 (renamed the USS Los Angeles ) to the US Navy .尽管有沉重的阻力和暴风雨天气延缓了旅程， Eckener却一再的成功，他的第一次跨越大西洋四年前提出的在1924年10月，提供名D - LZ126 （改名为美国海军洛杉矶）向美国海军。 Eckener and the crew were welcomed enthusiastically with a "ticker tape" parade in New York the next day and a subsequent invitation to the White House . Eckener和船员们的热烈欢迎"股票磁带"游行在纽约的第二天，随后邀请白宫。

A portion of the damaged fabric covering removed from the "Graf Zeppelin" in October 1928, after its first transatlantic flight from Germany to NAS Lakehurst, NJ.部分损坏的面料涵盖从"格拉夫齐柏林"在1928年10月，在其第一次跨大西洋航班从德国到NAS Lakehurst ，美国新泽西。

This first transatlantic trip was not without its difficulties, however, as the airship suffered potentially serious damage to its port tail fin on the third day of the flight when a large section of the linen covering was ripped loose while passing through a mid-ocean squall line.这是第一个跨大西洋之旅并非没有困难，但是，由于飞船可能遭受严重损害的港口尾鳍第三天飞行时，很大一部分是发生亚麻覆盖松散，而通过一个洋中飑行。 With the engines stopped, the ship's riggers did their best to tie down the torn fabric to the framework and sew blankets to the ship's envelope while attempting to not fall to the raging seas just below.随着引擎停止后，该船舶的riggers竭力牵制蹂躏织物的框架和缝制毛毯船舶的信封在试图不属于公海的肆虐略低于。 Fortunately the riggers finished just before Dr. Eckener had to restart the engines when the ship had dropped to within a couple of hundred feet of the ocean's surface.幸运的是， riggers之前完成博士Eckener已重新启动发动机时，该船舶已下降到在几百英尺的海洋表面。 The Graf crossed the US coast at Cape Charles, Virginia , around 10 AM on 15 October , passed over Washington, DC, at 12:20PM, Baltimore, MD, at 1PM, Philadelphia, PA, at 2:40 PM, New York City at 4 PM, and landed at NAS Lakehurst at 5:38 PM. ^{[ 8 ]}越过的格拉夫在美国海岸角查尔斯，弗吉尼亚州，大约上午10点10月15日，经过华盛顿特区，在下午12点20 ，巴尔的摩，马里兰州，下午一时，宾州费城，在下午二点40分，纽约市下午4时，并降落在NAS产品Lakehurst在下午5点38分。 ^{[ 8 ]}

In addition to the passengers and crew, there was also a stowaway on the flight, 19-year old Clarence Tehune, who had secreted himself onboard the Graf Zeppelin at Friedrichshafen and appears in a Gaumont Graphic Newsreel working for his passage in the airship's kitchen.此外，乘客和机组人员，还有一个偷渡的飞行， 19岁的克拉伦斯Tehune ，谁上了自己分泌的格拉夫齐柏林飞艇在腓特烈和出现在高蒙图新闻短片的工作，他通过在飞艇的厨房。 Terhune was returned to Europe on the French liner SS Ile de France along with a number of airship crewmembers. ^{[ 9 ]} ^{[ 10 ]} ^{[ 11 ]}特休恩被送回欧洲的法国班轮党卫军法兰西岛连同一些飞艇机组人员。 ^{[ 9 ]} ^{[ 10 ]} ^{[ 11 ]}

[ edit ] The "interrupted flight" [ 编辑 ] 在"中断的飞行"

Flown cover autographed by the "Graf Zeppelin's" commander, Dr. Hugo Eckener from the nearly disastrous 1929 "Interrupted Flight".飞行覆盖亲笔签名的"格拉夫齐柏林飞船的"指挥官，博士雨果Eckener从近灾难性的1929年"中断的飞行" 。

While the "Graf Zeppelin" would eventually have a safe and highly successful nine-year career, the airship was almost lost just a half a year after its maiden flight while attempting to make its second trip to the United States in May 1929.虽然"格拉夫齐柏林"最终将有一个安全和非常成功的9年职业生涯中，几乎是飞船失去只是半年后，首航在试图使其第二次访问美国在1929年5月。 Shortly after dark on 16 May , the first night of the flight ("1 Amerikafahrt 1929"), the airship lost two of its five engines while over the Mediterranean off the southwest coast of Spain forcing Dr. Eckener to abandon the trip and return to Friedrichshafen.天黑后不久的5月16日，第一次夜间飞行（ " 1 Amerikafahrt 1929年" ），飞船失去了两位五个引擎，而在地中海从西南海岸迫使西班牙博士Eckener放弃此行，并返回腓德烈斯哈芬。 While flying up the Rhône Valley in France against a stiff headwind the next afternoon, however, two of the remaining three engines also failed and the airship began to be pushed backwards toward the sea.在飞行了罗讷河谷在法国反对僵硬逆风的第二天下午，不过，两个剩下的三个引擎也没有和飞船开始向后推走向大海。

As Dr. Eckener desperately looked for a suitable place to crash land the airship, the French Air Ministry advised him that he would be permitted to land at the Naval Airship Base at Cuers-Pierrefeu about ten miles from Toulon to use the mooring mast and hangar of the lost airship Dixmude (France's only dirigible which crashed the Mediterranean in 1923 with the loss of 52 lives) if the Graf could reach the facility before being blown out to sea.正如叶文Eckener拼命地寻找合适的地方坠毁的飞艇土地，法国空军部通知他，他将被允许降落在海军飞艇基地Cuers - Pierrefeu大约10英里土伦使用桅杆和库泊失去的飞艇Dixmude （法国唯一飞船坠毁于1923年在地中海的损失52生命）如果格拉夫可能达到的设施，然后炸毁了大海。 Although barely able to control the Graf on its one remaining engine, Eckener managed to make a difficult but successful emergency night landing at Cuers. ^{[ 12 ]} After making temporary repairs, the Graf finally returned to Friedrichshafen on May 24.虽然几乎无法控制的格拉夫在其剩下的一个引擎， Eckener管理，使一个困难的，但成功紧急降落在Cuers夜晚。 ^{[ 12 ]}之后，临时修理，格拉夫终于回到腓特烈于5月24日。 Mail carried on the flight received a one-line cachet reading "Due to mishap the flight was delayed for the first America trip" and was held at Friedrichshafen until 1 August 1929 , when the airship made another attempt to cross the Atlantic for Lakehurst arriving on 4 August 1929 .邮件进行了飞行收到一个在线印读"由于事故的航班推迟首次美国之旅" ，并举行了腓德烈斯哈芬，直到8月1日 1929年，当飞船再次试图越过大西洋到达的Lakehurst 8月4日， 1929年。 Four days later, the "Graf Zeppelin" departed Lakehurst for another daring enterprise — a complete circumnavigation of the globe.四天后， "格拉夫齐柏林"离开Lakehurst另一个大胆的企业-一个完整的环绕地球。

[ edit ] Round-the-world flight [ 编辑 ] 环游世界的飞行

Cover flown on the "Graf Zeppelin" from Lakehurst to Lakehurst on the "Round-the-World" flight, August 8 - September 4, 1929涵盖飞行的"格拉夫齐柏林"从Lakehurst以Lakehurst的"环游世界"的飞行8月8日- 1929年9月4日

Silver 3 Reichsmark coin (1930 A) honoring the "Graf Zeppelin's" "Round the World" flight (Weltflug 1929).银3 Reichsmark硬币（ 1930年甲）纪念"格拉夫齐柏林飞艇"的"环球"飞行（ Weltflug 1929年）。

The growing popularity of the "giant of the air" made it easy for Zeppelin company chief Dr.日益普及的"空中巨人"很容易作出的飞艇公司首席博士 Hugo Eckener to find sponsors for a "Round-the-World" flight. 雨果Eckener找到赞助商的"环游世界"的飞行。 One of these was the American press tycoon William Randolph Hearst , who requested the tour to officially start at Lakehurst Naval Air Station, NJ . ^{[ 13 ]} As with the October 1928 flight to New York, Hearst had placed a reporter, Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay , on board, ^{[ 13 ]} who thereby became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe by air.其中之一是美国媒体大亨威廉鲁道夫赫斯特，谁请访问正式开始Lakehurst海军航空站，美国新泽西。 ^{[ 13 ]}至于1928年10月飞往纽约，赫斯特中放置了一个记者，格雷斯玛格丽特海伊德拉蒙德工商，在船上， ^{[ 13 ]}谁从而成为了第一位环绕地球的空气。

Starting there on 8 August 1929 , Graf Zeppelin flew back across the Atlantic to Friedrichshafen to refuel before continuing on August 15 across the vastness of Siberia to Tokyo (Kasumigaura Naval Air Station), a nonstop leg of 6,988 miles (11,246 km), arriving 3 days later on 18 August . ^{[ 7 ]} Dr.从那里对8月8日， 1929年， 格拉夫齐柏林飞回大西洋彼岸向腓德烈斯哈芬加油，然后才能继续在8月15日在广袤的西伯利亚到东京（霞浦海军航空兵站），直达站六九八八英里（一一二四六公里），到达3几天后的8月18日。 ^{[ 7 ]}博士 Eckener believed that some of the lands they crossed in Siberia had never before been seen by modern explorers. Eckener认为，一些土地，他们越过西伯利亚以前从未见过的现代探险家。 After staying in Tokyo for five days, on 23 August , the Graf Zeppelin continued across the Pacific to California flying first over San Francisco before heading south to stop at Mines Field in Los Angeles for the first ever nonstop flight of any kind across the Pacific Ocean .后在东京逗留了5天，于8月23日，在格拉夫齐柏林继续在太平洋区加州飞行首次超过美国旧金山，然后在南站地雷场在洛杉矶的第一次不着陆飞行的任何形式的跨越太平洋。 The Pacific leg was 5,998 miles (9,653 km) and took three days. ^{[ 7 ]} The airship's final leg across the United States took it over Chicago before landing back at Lakehurst NAS on 29 August , taking two days and covering 2,996 miles (4,822 km). ^{[ 7 ]} ^{[ 14 ]}太平洋腿五九九八英里（九六五三公里）和3天。 ^{[ 7 ]}飞船的最后一站整个美国接手芝加哥降落前回到Lakehurst的NAS对8月29日，同时考虑了两天，并涵盖二九九六英里（四千八百二十二公里）。 ^{[ 7 ]} ^{[ 14 ]}

The flying time for the Lakehurst to Lakehurst legs was 12 days and 11 minutes. ^{[ 7 ]} The entire voyage took 21 days, 5 hours and 31 minutes including the initial and final trips between Friedrichshafen and NAS Lakehurst during which time the airship travelled 49,618 km (30,831 miles) whereas the distance covered on the designated "Round the World" portion from Lakehurst to Lakehurst was 31,400 km (19,500 miles).的飞行时间为Lakehurst至Lakehurst腿是12天， 11分钟。 ^{[ 7 ]} ，整个航程了21天， 5小时31分钟，包括最初和最后往返腓德烈斯哈芬和NAS Lakehurst在这段时间飞船前往四九六一八公里（ 30831英里），而距离上被指定为"环球"部分由Lakehurst以Lakehurst是三点一四万公里（一点九五〇万英里）。 One of Hearst's guests on board was the newlywed couple; the Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins and his bride Suzanne Bennett .一个赫斯特的客人局是新婚情侣的北极探险家休伯特威尔金斯爵士和他的新娘苏珊贝内特。 The trip was given to them as a wedding gift.此行是给他们作为结婚礼物。

A US franked letter carried on the whole trip from Lakehurst to Lakehurst required $3.55 USD in postage, the equivalent in 2007 of roughly $43 if based on the CPI . ^{[ 15 ]}阿盖印信美国进行全程由Lakehurst到Lakehurst需要$ 3.55 美元的邮费，相当于2007年的约43美元的基础上，如果消费物价指数。 ^{[ 15 ]}

[show]Interactive map for each stop on the flight互动式地图上的每个停止飞行

[ edit ] The polar flight [ 编辑 ] 极地飞行

Flown USSR ppc delivered by the "Graf Zeppelin" to the Soviet icebreaker "Malygin" on the "Polar Flight" 1931每次点击付费飞到苏联所提供的"格拉夫齐柏林"苏联破冰船" Malygin "的"极地飞行" 1931年

The ship pursued another spectacular destination in July 1931 with a research trip to the Arctic ; this had already been a dream of Count Zeppelin 20 years earlier, which could not, however, be realized at the time due to the outbreak of war.船舶追求另一种壮观的目的地在1931年7月的一份研究前往北极，这已经是梦想的齐柏林伯爵20年前，这可能不是，但是，要实现的时候，由于战争的爆发。

In July 1930, Hugo Eckener had already piloted the Graf on a three-day trip to Norway and Spitsbergen , in order to determine its performance in this region.在1930年7月，雨果Eckener已经试行的格拉夫进行为期3天的访问挪威和斯匹次卑尔根岛，以确定其性能在这一地区。 Shortly after Eckener made a three day flight to Iceland, both trips completed without technical problems. ^{[ 5 ]}之后不久Eckener了为期3天的飞行冰岛，既旅行完成技术问题。 ^{[ 5 ]}

The initial idea was to rendezvous with the ill-fated Nautilus , the submarine of polar researcher George Hubert Wilkins , who was attempting a trip under the ice.最初的想法是会合与命运多舛鹦鹉螺 ，该潜艇的极地研究员乔治休伯特威尔金斯，谁试图访问在冰下。 This plan was abandoned when the U-boat encountered recurring technical problems, leading to its eventual scuttling in a Bergen fjord . ^{[ 16 ]}这项计划被放弃时， U型船遇到反复出现的技术问题，导致其最终凿沉在卑尔根峡湾。 ^{[ 16 ]}

Eckener instead began to plan a rendezvous with a surface vessel. Eckener不是开始计划会合与水面船只。 He intended funding to be secured by delivering mail post to the ship.他打算将资金提供担保的邮件后的船舶。 After advertising, around fifty thousand letters were collected from around the world weighing a total of about 300 kilograms.在广告，周围五点○○○万信收集了来自世界各地的共重约300公斤。 The rendezvous vessel, the Russian icebreaker Malygin, on which the Italian airshipman and polar explorer Umberto Nobile was a guest, required another 120 kilograms of post.交会船只，俄罗斯破冰船Malygin ，其中意大利airshipman和极地探险阿姆贝托贵族是一个客户，需要120公斤的职务。 The major costs of the expedition were met solely by sale of postage stamps. ^{[ 5 ]} The rest of the funding came from Aeroarctic and the Ullstein-Verlag in exchange for exclusive reporting rights.主要费用远征遭到完全由出售邮票。 ^{[ 5 ]}的其余部分资金来自Aeroarctic和乌尔施泰因出版社，以换取独家报道权。

The 1931 polar flight took one week from 24 June 1931 until the 31st. 1931年极地飞行了一周从6月24日 31年，直到31日。 The Graf traveled about 10,600 kilometres, the longest leg without refueling was 8,600 kilometres.在格拉夫走过约10600公里，最长的腿不加油是8600公里。 The average speed was 88 km/h.平均时速为88公里/小时

Germany issued this stamp commemorating the Graf polar trip德国发行邮票纪念格拉夫极地之旅

Route:路线：

Friedrichshafen–Berlin – 600 km in 8 hours (75 km/h)腓德烈斯哈芬-柏林- 600公里，在8小时（ 75公里/小时）
Berlin–Leningrad – 1,400 km in 16 hours (87 km/h)柏林列宁格勒- 1400公里的16小时（ 87公里/小时）
Leningrad–Kanin – 1,300 km in 12 hours (108 km/h)列宁格勒-伊卡宁- 1300公里的12小时（ 108公里/小时）
Kanin–Franz-Joseph-Land – 1,200 km in 18 hours (67 km/h)伊卡宁-弗兰兹约瑟夫陆- 1200公里的18小时（ 67公里/小时）
Franz-Joseph-Land–Nordland–Taimyr–Nowaja Semlja – 2,400 km in 32 hours (75 km/h)弗兰兹约瑟夫-土地诺德兰-泰梅尔- Nowaja Semlja - 2400公里的32小时（ 75公里/小时）
Nowaja Semlja–Leningrad – 2,300 km in 25 hours (92 km/h) Nowaja Semlja -列宁格勒- 2300公里的25小时（ 92公里/小时）
Leningrad–Berlin – 1,400 km in 13 hours (108 km/h)列宁格勒，柏林- 1400公里的13小时（ 108公里/小时）
Berlin–Friedrichshafen – 600 km in 8 hours (75 km/h) ^{[ 5 ]}柏林腓特烈- 600公里，在8小时（ 75公里/小时） ^{[ 5 ]}

Goals:目标：

Test the Graf Zeppelin under Arctic conditions格拉夫齐柏林飞艇测试条件下的北极
scientific and geographic research of large areas of the Arctic科学和地理研究的大面积的北极
- measurement of magnetic field changes测量磁场的变化
- meteorological measurements (including weather balloon launches)气象测量（包括气象气球发射）
- geo-photographic recording of large areas with a panoramic camera (that would take years if by ship or by land)地理摄影记录的大面积的全景照相机（这将需要数年时间，如果船舶或陆路）

All participants were satisfied after the trip: the airship demonstrated its usefulness in the Arctic.所有与会者都感到满意后，行：飞艇展示其效用在北极。

[ edit ] Middle East flights [ 编辑 ] 中东航线

Flown ppc carried on the D-LZ 127 "Graf Zeppelin" to Syria on the "Mittelmeerfahrt 1929"每次点击付费飞行进行的D -川芎嗪127 "格拉夫齐柏林"对叙利亚的" Mittelmeerfahrt 1929年"

The "Graf Zeppelin" made two visits to the Middle East during its career.该"格拉夫齐柏林"作了两次访问中东地区在其职业生涯。 The first took place over four days in April 1929, without landing but during which mail was dropped to the large German colony at Jaffa in Palestine .第一次发生在4天的1929年4月，没有降落，但在此期间下降到邮件是德国殖民地的大量在雅法在巴勒斯坦。 The second flight took place in 1931 beginning on 9 April with a flight to Cairo, Egypt, where the airship landed less than two days later.第二次飞行发生在1931年开始， 4月9日在飞往埃及开罗，在那里降落的飞艇不到两天后。 After a brief stop the "Graf Zeppelin" proceeded on to Palestine before returning to Friedrichshafen on 23 April , just an hour over four days after departure.经过短暂停留的"格拉夫齐柏林"接着就对巴勒斯坦，然后再返回腓特烈在4月23日，只需一个小时了4天之后离开。 The trip took 97 hours, covered 9,000 kilometres and crossed 14 countries on three continents.此行了97小时，覆盖9000公里，穿越14个国家在三个大洲。

The highlights were:重点是：

Launched 9 April at 06:10, following the Rhone valley and over Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Malta.启动4月9日在06:10之后，罗纳河谷和科西嘉岛，撒丁岛，西西里岛和马耳他。 By 05:15 the following morning Graf reached the African coast at Tripoli near Bengasi, then on towards Alexandria, the Bucht von Sollum at 09:00, flying over Alexandria at 13:00, following the Nile towards Cairo.由05:15第二天上午格拉夫进入非洲海岸在的黎波里附近Bengasi ，然后就对亚历山大的湾冯Sollum在09:00 ，飞越亚历山大在13:00之后，尼罗河对开罗。

One image of a stereoscopic pair made while the Graf flew over the pyramids (click to access the full pair)一个形象的立体两人同时格拉夫飞越金字塔（点击进入全面一双）

Flew 200 metres over the Giza pyramid complex , over the Pyramid of Cheops , then following the Nile towards Heluan.飞越200米，飞越了吉萨金字塔复杂，在胡夫金字塔，那么下面的尼罗河走向Heluan 。 Late evening reached the pyramid of Saqqara .傍晚到达金字塔萨卡拉。
Nightflight northwards along the Nile towards Damietta . Nightflight向北沿尼罗河实现达米埃塔。
11 April at 5:15 landed at Almaza (Almasy) airfield near Cairo. 4月11日在5:15降落在Almaza （ Almasy ）机场开罗附近。 British air force soldiers comprising the ground crew.英国空军的士兵组成的地勤人员。 Thirty thousand curious onlookers must be held back with fire hoses.三万好奇的观众，必须追究回来消防喉。
After a short stayover, relaunched eastwards over the Suez canal and the bight of Gaza, 10:00 arriving in Jerusalem经过短暂过夜，重新向东的苏伊士运河和湾加沙， 10:00抵达耶路撒冷
100 metres over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre the engines were stopped and the ship floated "still" for several minutes. 100米，飞越了圣墓教堂的引擎停止船舶漂"还是"了好几分钟。
Fly over Shechem , Emmaus , the limestone mountains over the desert, 16:00 arrived at Cairo, 17:00 landed at Almaza, half hour stayover, resuming flying towards Siwa Oasis , ( Libyan Desert ).飞越示剑，厄玛乌，石灰岩山区的沙漠， 16:00抵达开罗， 17:00降落在Almaza ，半小时内过夜，恢复飞向锡瓦绿洲，（利比亚沙漠）。 In the desert villages, many people fled into their huts before the airship.沙漠中的村庄，许多人逃离他们的茅屋前飞艇。
Night: the airship crossed over Tripoli, by morning it was over Crete, then along the Albanian coast towards towards Split in Dalmatia .夜：飞艇越过的黎波里，这是由今天上午在克里特岛，然后沿阿尔巴尼亚海岸走向走向分裂的达尔马提亚。 The ship flew 1700 metres over the Karst hills.该船飞到1700米，飞越了岩溶丘陵。 By 21:30 Agram in Yugoslavia , midnight Vienna , Passau , Augsburg , Ulm由21:30 图在南斯拉夫，午夜维也纳，帕绍，奥格斯堡，乌尔姆
7:00 lands at Friedrichshafen. ^{[ 5 ]} 7时00分降落在腓特烈。 ^{[ 5 ]}

[ edit ] Golden age [ 编辑 ] 黄金时代

Zeppelin passenger lapel pins飞艇载客胸针

Schedule of 1934 Flights to South America附表1934年飞往南美洲

Cover carried on the First 1934 South America Flight of the 10 flown that season.封面进行了第一次1934年南美洲的10个航班飞行的季节。

The Graf Zeppelin undertook a number of trips around Europe , and following a successful tour to South America in May 1930, it was decided to open the first regular transatlantic airship line, traveling mainly from Germany to Brazil (64 such round trips overall) with occasional stops, among them Spain, Miami, ^{[ 17 ]} London, ^{[ 18 ]} and Berlin. ^{[ 19 ]} At one of the Berlin visits a glider that was released from under its hull performed a loop in front of cheering crowds, ^{[ 20 ]} and on one of the Brazil trips British Pathé News filmed on board. ^{[ 21 ]} . 格拉夫齐柏林飞艇的开展了一系列旅游围绕欧洲，和下面的一个成功的访问南美洲在1930年5月，决定开放的第一届常跨飞艇线，旅游主要是从德国到巴西（ 64如往返整体）偶尔站，其中包括西班牙，迈阿密， ^{[ 17 ]}伦敦， ^{[ 18 ]}和柏林。 ^{[ 19 ]}在一个柏林访问滑翔机是根据其释放进行了循环船体前欢呼的人群， ^{[ 20 ]}和上一个巴西访问的英国百代新闻拍摄上。 ^{[ 21 ]} 。

Almost every flight had a reporter on board, who would radio a report to the ground via Morse Code.几乎每一个飞行了记者在船上，谁电台报告，地面通过摩尔斯电码。 Such articles made Lady Drummond-Hay famous, and she would be pictured in advertisements featuring the Graf. ^{[ 22 ]}这类物品作出夫人德拉蒙德海伊著名，她将照片的广告具有格拉夫。 ^{[ 22 ]}

In October 1933, the Graf Zeppelin made an appearance at the Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago, after circling over the fair, ^{[ 23 ]} then landing and relaunching 25 minutes later.在1933年10月，在格拉夫齐柏林飞艇出现在该世纪的进展世界博览会在芝加哥，在上空盘旋的公平， ^{[ 23 ]}然后降落和25分钟后重启。 Despite the beginning of the Great Depression and growing competition by fixed-wing aircraft, D-LZ127 would transport an increasing number of passengers and mail across the ocean every year until 1937.尽管年初的大萧条和竞争日益激烈的固定翼飞机和D - LZ127将运输越来越多的乘客和邮件到大洋彼岸，每一年，直至1937年。 Post and cargo provided most of the income for operating the Graf.邮政和货物提供了大部分收入的运作格拉夫。 In one transatlantic flight the Graf would carry 52,000 postcards and 50,000 letters, and by its last flight it had carried 53 tonnes of mail.在一次跨大西洋飞行的格拉夫将开展五万二明信片和50000封，并在其上进行飞行了53吨的邮件。 Since 1912 Zeppelins were allowed to postmark and sort mail onboard and the Graf managed to deliver South America-bound about a week faster than by ship. ^{[ 24 ]} However in general the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei made a loss each year.自1912年以来Zeppelins被允许邮戳和排序邮件板载和格拉夫设法提供南美洲方向大约一个星期快于船舶。 ^{[ 24 ]}然而，在一般的德国齐柏林飞艇船舶亏损每年。 When the Hindenburg entered service in 1936 prospects became better and a profit was expected for 1937 by delivering mail on both it and the Graf, but the Hindenburg's loss in May 1937 put an end to all commercial Zeppelin service. ^{[ 25 ]}当兴登堡于1936年进入服务成为更好的前景和盈利预期1937年交付的邮件都它和格拉芙，但兴登堡的损失在1937年5月结束所有商业飞艇服务。 ^{[ 25 ]}

[ edit ] Successor abandoned [ 编辑 ] 继承人放弃

Dr. Eckener intended to supplement the successful craft by another, similar Zeppelin, projected as D-LZ128.博士Eckener旨在补充成功工艺的另一个类似的飞艇，预计名D - LZ128 。 However the disastrous accident of the British passenger airship R101 in 1931 led the Zeppelin company to reconsider the safety of hydrogen -filled vessels, and the design was abandoned in favor of a new project.然而，灾难性事故的英国乘客飞艇R101在1931年领导了飞艇公司重新考虑安全的氢填充船只和被遗弃的设计，取而代之的是新的项目。 D-LZ129, which was to eventually be named the Hindenburg , would advance Zeppelin technology considerably and was intended to be filled with helium .名D - LZ129 ，这是最终被命名为兴登堡 ，将大大推动和齐柏林飞艇技术的目的是充满氦气。 After the Hindenburg disaster the story arose that an embargo imposed by the United States because of the looming war prevented German access to the required large quantities of helium, leading to the conversion of the Hindenburg to a hydrogen design.兴登堡灾害后产生的故事，一个禁运美国施加由于迫在眉睫的战争阻止德国获得所需要的大量的氦，从而转换为氢兴登堡设计。 However it is now known that Eckener was successful in lobbying the US government for the purchase of helium but ruled it out on financial grounds. ^{[ citation needed ]}但是现在已经知道， Eckener成功地游说美国政府用于购买氦气，但排除参加总统竞选的财务理由。 ^{[ 引文需要 ]}

[ edit ] End of an era [ 编辑 ] 一个时代的结束

After the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, public faith in the safety of dirigibles was shattered, and flying passengers in hydrogen-filled vessels became untenable.在兴登堡灾难于1937年，公众的信心的安全，飞船被打破，而飞行的乘客在氢填充船只变得摇摇欲坠。 D-LZ127 Graf Zeppelin , which would have been incapable of flying with helium, ^{[ citation needed ]} was retired one month past the disaster and turned into a museum.名D - LZ127 格拉夫齐柏林飞艇 ，这已无法飞行氦， ^{[ 引文需要 ]}退役一个月过去的灾难，成为现在的博物馆。 The end for the Graf Zeppelin came with the outbreak of World War II .年底的格拉夫齐柏林飞艇来到爆发第二次世界大战。 In March 1940, Hermann Göring , the German Air Minister (Reichsluftfahrtminister) , ordered the destruction of the remaining dirigibles, and the duralumin parts were fed into the German war industry.在1940年3月，赫尔曼戈林，德国空军部长（ Reichsluftfahrtminister ） ，下令销毁剩余的飞船，以及硬零件送入德国军工。

[ edit ] Legacy [ 编辑 ] 遗产

US Air Mail stamp (C-13), issued April 1930美国空邮邮票（架C - 13 ）， 1930年4月发布

During its career, the ship flew more than one and half million kilometres (thus becoming the first aircraft in history to fly over a million miles), 590 flights, and made 144 ocean crossings (143 across the Atlantic, one across the Pacific) carrying 13,110 passengers ^{[ 6 ]} with a perfect passenger safety record, making it the most successful rigid airship ever built. ^{[ 1 ]}在其职业生涯中，该船飞越一个以上和50万公里（从而成为历史上第一架飞机飞往超过100万英里）， 590航班，并提出144海洋通道（ 143横跨大西洋，一个横跨太平洋）执行13110名乘客^{[ 6 ]}同一个完美的乘客的安全纪录，成为最成功的刚性飞艇建造。 ^{[ 1 ]}

As evidence of how it caught the imagination of the world, a number of countries issued postage stamps either commemorating flights of the Zeppelin or for use on this (and later) airships.作为证据如何捕获的想象世界，一些国家发行邮票纪念要么飞行的飞艇或用于本（后来）飞艇。 Some are fairly common, others quite rare.有些是相当普遍，有的相当罕见。 A considerable number of covers (envelopes) carried on flights still exist and are avidly collected.有相当多的内容包括（信封）进行飞行依然存在并有大力收集。 In addition, a board game was made in its name ^{[ 26 ]} .此外，游戏是在它的名字^{[ 26 ]} 。

[ edit ] Specifications [ 编辑 ] 规格

General characteristics 一般特征

Crew: 40 船员： 40
Capacity: 20 passengers 容量： 20名乘客
Length: 236.53 m (776 ft 0 in) 长度：二百三十六点五三米（七七六英尺0 ）
Diameter: 30.48 m (100 ft 0 in) 直径：三十〇点四八米（ 100英尺0 ）
Volume: 105,000 m³ (3,700,000 ft³) 成交量： 105,000立方米（三百七十零点○○万英尺³ ）
Useful lift: 60,000 kg (132,000 lb) 有用升降机： 60,000公斤（一十三点二〇万英镑）
Powerplant: 5 × Maybach engines, 410 kW (550 hp) each 动力装置： 5 × 迈巴赫发动机， 410千瓦（ 550马力）每

Performance 性能

Maximum speed: 128 km/h (80 mph) 最高时速：一百二十八公里每小时（ 80英里）

[ edit ] See also [ 编辑 ]另见

Buoyancy compensator (aviation) 浮力补偿器（航空）

D-LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II 名D - LZ130格拉夫齐柏林飞艇二

Related lists 相关名单

List of Zeppelins 名单Zeppelins

[ edit ] References [ 编辑 ] 参考资料

[ edit ] Notes [ 编辑 ] 注意

^ ^{a b c d} Puget Sound Airship Society 2007 ^ ^{1 b ç d} 普吉特湾飞艇协会2007年
^ ^{a b c} Scherz 2003 ^ ^{1 b ç}舍尔茨2003年
^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Busch 2006 ^ ^{1 b ç d é f 克 h 字母i j}布施2006年
^ ^{a b c} Pilot und Luftschiff. LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin : Bilder aus dem Luftschiff (Photograph Elektrozentrale ) ^ ^{1 b ç}试点和Luftschiff 。川芎嗪127格拉夫齐柏林：比尔德饶有兴致地澳大利亚DEM的Luftschiff （照片Elektrozentrale ）
^ ^{a b c d e} wikipedia.de (2008) ^ ^{1 b ç d é} wikipedia.de （ 2008 ）
^ ^{a b} Brewer 1991, p. ^ ^{1 b}布鲁尔1991年，第 2. 2 。
^ ^{a b c d e} Michel, Carolyn. Round-the-World Flights ^ ^{1 b ç d é}米歇尔卡罗琳麦。环游世界的航班
^ "Zeppelin Safe at Lakehurst after 111-Hour Flight; Soars Over the White House and then Over New York; Moored to Mast till Wind Drops at 2 AM; Now in Hangar" The New York Times , 16 October 1928 . ^ "齐柏林飞艇在Lakehurst安全后111小时的飞行;猛增了白宫，然后在纽约;系泊于桅杆风滴眼液到凌晨2时，现在的机库" 纽约时报 ， 10月16日， 1928年。
^ Brandes, Markus. Autographs of Count Zeppelin and Hugo Eckener 2004. ^布兰德斯，马库斯。齐柏林伯爵签名和雨果Eckener 2004年。
^ ITN Source , BGT407131213
^ "Big Flight". Time , 11 March 1929 .
^ "Zeppelin Battles Gale to Safety; Reaches Cuers, France, on One Motor; Eckener and Crew Avert Disaster" The New York Times , 18 May 1929 .
^ ^{a b} . "Los Angeles to Lakehurst." Time magazine , 9 September 1929 .
^ Geisenheyer, Max. Mit 'Graf Zeppelin' Um Die Welt: Ein Bild-Buch . Frankfurter Societäts-Druckerei GmbH, Frankfurt am Mein (Germany), 1929.
^ Measuring Worth - Relative Value of US Dollars. [1] (Current data is only available till 2007)
^ Ahern, JJ "finally sunk on November 20, 1931". The Nautilus , American Philosophical Society, 2000. Note: The scuttling was mandated by US-UK treaty.
^ bomberguy 2008 08:15 to 09:03
^ bomberguy 2008 07:05 to 08:14
^ bomberguy 2008 09:30
^ bomberguy 2008 09:50 to 10:02
^ British Pathé News . Graf Zeppelin crossing Atlantic 1930- filmed onboard last stage of flight to Rio de Janeiro , "Flying down to Rio" on board the giant liner of the skies, the GRAF-ZEPPELIN
^ Post & Tele Museum Danmark. News from the Sky Lady Drummond advertising Lucky Strike cigarettes: "I smoke a Lucky instead of eating sweets"
^ bomberguy 2008 from 09:00 to 09:30 circles then lands
^ Post & Tele Museum Danmark. Luftskibet Kommer images and movies on mail and cargo handling with the Graf
^ Jensen, Erik. Dansk Postbefordring med Luftskib
^ (2000). Hindenburg's Fiery Secret [TV-Series]. National Geographic.

[ edit ] Bibliography

Archbold, Rick. Hindenburg: An Illustrated History . Toronto: Viking Studio/Madison Press, 1994. ISBN 0-670-85225-2 .
Bomberguy. Graf Zeppelin Bomberguy Aviation History, selected clips. Retrieved: 11 June 2008 .
Botting, Douglas. Dr. Eckener's Dream Machine: The Great Zeppelin and the Dawn of Air Travel. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-80506-458-3 .
Brewer, G. Daniel. Hydrogen Aircraft Technology . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1991. ISBN 0-84935-838-8 .
Busch, Heinrich. "Funkverkehr auf dem Luftschiff LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin". (in German), 14 August 2006 . Retrieved: 5 July 2008 .
Dick, Harold G. and Douglas H. Robinson. The Golden Age of the Great Passenger Airships Graf Zeppelin & Hindenburg. Washington, DC and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. ISBN 1-56098-219-5 .
Duggan, John. LZ 129 "Hindenburg": The Complete Story . Ickenham, UK: Zeppelin Study Group, 2002. ISBN 0-9514114-8-9 .
Geisenheyner, Max. Mit 'Graf Zeppelin' Um Die Welt: Ein Bild-Buch. Frankfurt am Mein, Germany: Frankfurter Societäts-Druckerei GmbH, 1929.
"Honors to Dr. Hugo Eckener: The First Airship Flight Around the World." National Geographic Magazine Vol. LVII, No. 6, June 1930, pp. 653–688.
Lehmann, Ernst. Zeppelin: The Story of Lighter-than-air Craft . London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1937.
Puget Sound Airship Society. Zeppelin Airships 1918-1940 , 2007. Retrieved: 5 July 2008 .
Scherz, Walter. Bau und Einrichtung des Luftschiffes "Graf Zeppelin" (in German)- LZ127 in construction JADU 2003. Retrieved: 2 June 2008 .

[ edit ] External links [ 编辑 ] 外部链接

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin

Photographs of interior and exterior of Graf Zeppelin
Private photographs of Graf Zeppelin over Chicago's World's Fair, 1933
The Graf Zeppelin , courtesy of Bomberguy
"The history and building of the Zeppelin" (in Dutch). Nyo Visuals [Elsbeth van Noppen] . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JB6QcA2olWM . Retrieved on 2009-02-20 . (youtube video, 5 minutes)
"Graf Zeppelin ends world flight" . Universal Newspaper Newsreel . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO3OJdM57Js . Retrieved on 2009-02-20 . (1 minute 17 seconds video: aeroplane escort, Lakehurst hangar)

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